Month: July 2023

Categories
Environment & Biodiversity

The Genetic Resources Commission meets in Rome

The 19th session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) has begun in Rome, Italy, with delegates from all over the world gathering.

What is Commission on Genetic Resources?

Description
EstablishmentEstablished in 1983 by the FAO
Membership181 member countries including India
Governing BodyBureau consisting of Chairperson, Vice-Chairpersons, and FAO representative
MandateEncourage the protection and long-term use of genetic resources for food and agriculture.
ITPGRFAIn charge of carrying out the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
FunctionsConsider plant genetic resources, animal genetic resources, and digital sequencing information.
Global GoalsContributes to the achievement of SDG 2 on Zero Hunger and sustainable agricultural development.

Areas of emphasis

  • The session will cover three major topics:
  • Work on biodiversity, nutrition, and human health is being reviewed.
  • Food and agriculture access and benefit sharing.
  • Food and agriculture benefit from digital sequencing information.
  • Food and agriculture benefit from biodiversity.
  • The importance of genetic resources in climate change mitigation and adaptation.
  • Genetic resources from forests.
  • Pollinators and biological control agents are examples of microorganism and invertebrate genetic resources.
  • Genetic resources from animals
Source: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/genetic-resources-commission-gathers-in-rome-to-deliberate-on-biodiversity-nutrition-human-health-90700
Categories
Governance

WHO predicts that India would reach record DPT3 immunisation coverage in 2022

  • In 2022, India’s coverage rate for DPT3 vaccines (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus) achieved an all-time high of 93%, breaking the pre-pandemic record of 91% in 2019.
  • The World Health Organisation (WHO) reported this huge growth from 85% coverage in 2021.

What is DPT3?

DPT3 vaccinations are a three-in-one vaccine that protects against three infectious diseases: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus.

The “DPT” in DPT3 stands for the initials of these three diseases:

  • Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that mostly affects the lungs. It can cause severe throat and nasal congestion, breathing difficulties, and, in severe cases, heart and nerve damage.
  • Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It is distinguished by intense coughing episodes, which are frequently accompanied by a “whooping” sound when gasping for breath. Infants and small children are especially vulnerable to pertussis.
  • Tetanus: A bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, often known as lockjaw. It enters the body through wounds or cuts and creates a toxin that affects the neurological system, causing muscle stiffness and spasms, notably in the muscles of the jaw and neck.

WHO immunisation records

  • DPT3 Coverage Recovery: DPT3 coverage in the WHO South-East Asia Region recovered to pre-pandemic levels of 91% in 2022, up from 82% in 2021.
  • Measles Vaccine Coverage: The region’s measles vaccine coverage increased by 6%, climbing to 92% in 2022 from 86% in 2021.
  • Zero-Dose Children: From 4.6 million in 2021 to 2.3 million in 2022, the number of zero-dose children (those who have not gotten even the first dose of the DPT vaccination) has been cut in half.
  • Partially Vaccinated Children: From 1.3 million in 2021 to 650,000 in 2022, the number of partially vaccinated children (those who received at least one dose but not the entire three-dose series) declined.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-recorded-all-time-high-of-93-dpt3-immunisation-coverage-in-2022-who/article67094235.ece
Categories
International Relations

The European Commission will provide online airtime vouchers for campaigning purposes

  • The Election Commission of India has implemented a fully online method for allocating airtime to political parties on Akashvani and Doordarshan for campaigning.
  • The new approach replaces the conventional technique of collecting physical vouchers with an online platform that gives digital time tokens.

Airtime Vouchers for Campaigning

  • The Control of These Vouchers
  • Examining Party Transcripts: Party transcripts are examined to ensure compliance with applicable codes. Content that criticises foreign countries, assaults religions or communities, incites violence, or engages in personal attacks is prohibited under these guidelines.
  • Apex Committee’s Role: Disagreements on approved content are forwarded to an Apex Committee comprised of Akashvani and DD members. The decision of the committee is final.

The Control of These Vouchers

  • Examining Party Transcripts: Party transcripts are examined to ensure compliance with applicable codes. Content that criticises foreign countries, assaults religions or communities, incites violence, or engages in personal attacks is prohibited under these guidelines.
  • Apex Committee’s Role: Disagreements on approved content are forwarded to an Apex Committee comprised of Akashvani and DD members. The decision of the committee is final.

Importance of Process Improvement for Digital Vouchers:

  • The decision underscores the organization’s dedication to using technology to improve the voting process and make it more convenient for all stakeholders.
  • Physical Collection: During elections, political parties will no longer be required to send representatives to the commission’s offices to collect time vouchers.

Operational Difficulties

  • Limited Access: Because the system is only available to national and recognised State parties, it raises questions regarding its genuine equality.
  • Conflict of Interest in the Apex Committee: The Apex Committee is made up of Akashvani and DD executives, which raises concerns about potential conflicts of interest.
  • When disagreements with political parties regarding transcript content develop, these officials are expected to review their own choices.
Source: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ec-to-issue-air-time-vouchers-online-for-campaign-through-public-broadcasters/articleshow/101867983.cms
Categories
Economics

Local Currency Settlement System (LCSS) between India and the UAE

  • During Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Abu Dhabi, India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) inked a treaty.
  • It established a framework to encourage the usage of the Indian rupee (INR) and the UAE dirham (AED) in cross-border transactions.

LCSS (Local Currency Settlement System)

  • Establishment of a Local Currency Settlement System (LCSS): The framework proposes to establish a Local Currency Settlement System (LCSS) between India and the UAE.
  • Domestic Currency Transactions: Exporters and importers can invoice and pay in their respective domestic currencies using LCSS.
  • Foreign Exchange Market Development: LCSS helps to build an INR-AED foreign exchange market.
  • Transaction Optimisation: Using local currencies reduces transaction costs and delays.
  • Remittance advantages: Remittances from Indians living in the UAE are eligible for LCSS advantages.

Payment System Interconnection: UPI-IPP Linkage

  • Payment System Integration: The MoU covers the integration of India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with the UAE’s Instant Payment Platform (IPP).
  • Card Switches and Messaging Systems: It investigates the integration of both countries’ card switches (RuPay switch and UAESWITCH) and messaging systems.
  • Efficient Cross-Border Fund Transfers: The UPI-IPP link allows for quick, convenient, safe, and cost-effective cross-border fund transfers.
  • Domestic Card Acceptance: The agreement allows for the mutual acceptance of domestic cards as well as the processing of card transactions.

The Effect of the Move

  • Bilateral trade between India and the UAE increased to over $85 billion in FY23.
  • Exchange Rate Risk Management: The agreement assists Indian exporters in hedging exchange rate risks in trade based on the rupee.
  • Rupee Internationalisation: It backs India’s efforts to internationalise the rupee and lessen reliance on the US currency.
  • Other Countries’ Interest: Countries in Africa, the Gulf area, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh have expressed an interest in trading in rupee terms.

The Importance of Denominating Export

  • Contracts and Invoices in Local Currencies: Denominating export contracts and invoices in local currencies reduces exchange-rate risks and improves competitive pricing.
  • Enhanced Cooperation: Improved cooperation between India’s and the UAE’s banking systems promotes commerce and economic activities.
  • Mineral fuels, pearls, precious stones, electrical machinery, and equipment are among the most important Indian exports to the UAE.
  • commerce Growth and Destination: The UAE is India’s second-largest export destination, with commerce between the two countries expected to reach $85 billion by 2022.

Remittance Advantages

  • Reduced Transaction Costs: The agreement reduces remittances’ high transaction costs and exchange rate margins.
  • Remittances Are More Affordable and Efficient: It makes remittances more affordable and efficient, especially for low-wage earners.
  • Increased Remittance Inflows: Remittances to India increased by 24.4% to $111 billion in 2022, accounting for 3.3% of GDP.
  • GCC Countries’ Contribution: Remittances from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries account for a sizable portion of India’s total remittance inflows.

Larger Impact

  • Reducing currency Dependence: The agreement encourages the use of local currencies in international transactions, reducing reliance on the US currency.
  • Economic links: Economic links between India and the UAE that are strengthened boost investments, remittances, and trade growth.
  • Internationalisation of the Rupee: The agreement supports India’s goal of internationalising the rupee and growing its global recognition.
  • Similar Cross-Border Efforts: Similar efforts have been made to enable cross-border transactions, such as collaboration with Singapore’s PayNow.

@the end

  • The deal benefits bilateral trade, enables remittances, and helps India achieve its goal of internationalising the currency.
  • The agreement promotes economic links between India and the UAE by lowering transaction costs and improving financial connectivity, boosting trade growth and cooperation.
Soource: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/india-uae-establish-local-currency-settlement-system-explained-8840067/
Categories
Environment & Biodiversity

India will establish the Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA)

The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) will be established at the upcoming 14th Clean Energy Ministerial and Eighth Mission Innovation (CEM14/MI-8) meeting, which will be held in Goa from July 19-22, 2023.

What is Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA)?

  • G20 Priority: Under India’s G20 Presidency, the GBA is a critical priority.
  • The GBA is inspired by the International Solar Alliance (ISA), which was founded in 2015 by India and France to tackle climate change through the use of solar energy.
  • The goal of this alliance will be to promote international collaboration and cooperation in order to increase the adoption and utilisation of biofuels.
  • The GBA, comprised of Brazil, the United States, and India, intends to influence global energy architecture to attain net-zero emissions.
  • Membership and Endorsement: Other countries can join the GBA by endorsing the foundation document, and non-G20 countries can join as well.

GBA’s Focus Areas

  • The GBA will concentrate its efforts on improving markets and streamlining global biofuel trading.
  • Concrete policy lessons will be shared, as well as technical assistance for national biofuel programmes around the world.
  • The alliance will highlight successful biofuel industry instances and best practises.

The Importance of GBA

  • Addressing OPEC+: The initiative demonstrates India’s commitment to reduce its reliance on conventional hydrocarbons and urges for enhanced production by OPEC+.
  • Opportunities for Change: GBA provide transformative potential for economic growth, rural development, energy self-sufficiency, lower air pollution, and the transition to renewable energy.
  • Adoption of Sustainable Biofuels: The alliance’s goal is to hasten the adoption of sustainable biofuels.

Milestone Achieved in India’s Biofuel Achievements:

  • India produced 4.08 billion litres of ethanol in fiscal year 2020-21, attaining a blending rate of 10.02% and reducing CO2 emissions by 2.7 million tonnes.
  • Goals and targets: India wants to reach a 12% blending rate by 2022-23 and a 20% blending rate by 2025, which will necessitate an increase in ethanol production capacity to 17 billion litres.
  • Focus on Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG): Through the Sustainable Alternative to Affordable Transportation (SATAT) programme, India aggressively promotes compressed bio-gas (CBG) obtained from waste.
  • By 2024, India hopes to have installed 5,000 CBG plants across the country.

Aviation Biofuel Advancements

  • First Commercial Passenger Flight: India performed its first commercial passenger flight utilising a domestically generated sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) blend.
  • The Bio-Aviation Turbine Fuel Programme Committee has been formed in order to advance the use of SAF in the aviation sector.
  • Blending Goals: India plans to attain a 1% SAF blend in jet fuel by 2025, which would require 140 million litres of SAF per year, while a 5% blend would require around 700 million litres per year.

Global reaction

  • Brazil has stated its support for the GBA and its goals of expanding and strengthening sustainable biofuels markets.
  • Saudi Arabia’s Focus: Saudi Arabia, a significant oil exporter, is focused on traditional hydrocarbons and has been critical of the GBA.
  • Russia’s Opec+ Involvement: Russia, as a member of Opec+, has implemented output cuts despite the tenuous global economic recovery.
  • China’s Opposition: China, a major producer of biofuels, criticised the India-led proposal and boycotted a G20 tourism summit in Srinagar.

@the end

  • The formation of GBA is an important step towards increasing worldwide collaboration and the use of sustainable biofuels.
  • India’s accomplishments in biofuel production and breakthroughs in aviation fuel lay a solid foundation for the alliance’s goals.
Source: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/energy/global-biofuel-alliance-can-power-india-s-energy-transition-drive-but-must-have-time-bound-targets-90694
Categories
Economics

2023 National Multidimensional Poverty Index

  • The report ‘National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023’ was released by NITI Aayog.
  • According to the research, a record 13.5 crore people in India have transitioned out of multidimensional poverty between 2015-16 and 2019-21.

What is National Multidimensional Poverty Index (NMPI)?

  • The MPI’s nodal ministry is the NITI Aayog.
  • It collaborates with organisations including the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
  • It employs the Alkire-Foster (AF) technique.
  • The MPI Baseline Report is based on the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 4, which was performed in 2015-16.

Indicators employed

  • The MPI takes three factors into account: health, education, and level of life.
  • Nutrition, child and adolescent mortality, maternal care, years of schooling, school attendance, cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, power, housing, bank accounts, and assets are among the indicators included.

Key findings of the report

  • Poverty Reduction: India has seen a significant reduction in multidimensional poverty, with a 9.89 percentage point drop from 24.85% in 2015-16 to 14.96% in 2019-21.
  • Rural areas witnessed the fastest dip, from 32.59% to 19.28%, while urban areas experienced a decrease from 8.65% to 5.27%.
  • Regional Progress: With 3.43 crore persons exiting multidimensional poverty, UP saw the greatest decrease in the number of poor. The share of multidimensional poor fell the fastest in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan.
  • Path to SDG Targets: According to the research, India is on track to meet SDG Target 1.2, which seeks to cut multidimensional poverty in half by 2030.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/niti-aayog-report-claims-decrease-in-multidimensional-poverty/article67091078.ece#:~:text=India%20has%20registered%20a%20significant,New%20Delhi%20on%20July%2017.
Categories
Science & Tech

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a type of hemorrhagic fever that occurs in the Crimea

  • Europe is currently experiencing a heatwave and wildfires, raising fears about the spread of viruses common in colder areas.
  • The World Health Organisation (WHO) has issued a warning about Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a potentially lethal sickness spread by ticks.

What exactly is CCHF?

  • CCHF is a viral hemorrhagic fever spread mostly by ticks.
  • It can also be contracted by coming into contact with viraemic animal tissues while slaughtering animals.
  • CCHF outbreaks can cause epidemics with a high case-fatality ratio (10-40%), making prevention and treatment difficult.

Transmission as well as Hosts

  • The virus can be found in the tick family of insects.
  • Cattle, goats, sheep, and hares are all amplifying hosts for the virus.
  • Contact with infected ticks or animal blood can expose humans to CCHF.
  • The virus can also be passed from person to person by contact with infectious blood or bodily fluids.
  • Ticks can be carried by migrating birds, allowing the virus to spread over great distances.

Treatment and Symptoms

  • Fever, muscle aches, disorientation, neck and back discomfort, headache, painful eyes, and light sensitivity are all common symptoms of CCHF.
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort, and sore throat are common early symptoms, followed by mood swings and bewilderment.
  • Sleepiness, sadness, and lassitude may occur in later phases.
  • There is no vaccine for CCHF in humans or animals, and therapy focuses on symptom management.
  • Ribavirin, an antiviral medication, has been used to treat CCHF infection with some success.

CCHF spread in Europe

  • CCHF is found in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and portions of Asia.
  • In 2016, Spain reported the first CCHF fatality in Europe.
  • Scientists warn that CCHF, which can be fatal in 10% to 40% of cases, is expanding northward and westward across Europe.
  • CCHF cases have been documented in Spain, Russia, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.

Causes of this spread

  • Pathogens are benefiting from disrupted temperature patterns caused by climate change.
  • Due to longer and drier summers induced by climate change, CCHF ticks are migrating northward through Europe.
  • Climate change contributes to disease spread by extending tick habitats, changing water habitats, and promoting animal movement and human interactions.
Source: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever
Categories
International Relations

EAM is in attendance at the BIMSTEC Foreign Ministers’ Meeting

The first-ever meeting of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) Foreign Ministers began in Bangkok, Thailand.

Understanding BIMSTEC

  • BIMSTEC, formerly known as BIST-EC (Bangladesh-India-Sri Lanka-Thailand Economic Cooperation), was founded in 1997 with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration.
  • Myanmar became a member in 1997, followed by Bhutan and Nepal in 2004.
  • Population and GDP: The organization’s seven member countries are located around the Bay of Bengal and account for nearly 22% of the world’s population. The member countries’ combined GDP is close to $2.7 trillion.
  • Sectoral Focus: BIMSTEC’s collaboration began with six sectors in mind: trade, technology, energy, transportation, tourism, and fisheries.
  • Security, counter-terrorism, transnational crime, disaster management, and energy are among India’s sectoral duties within BIMSTEC.

BIMSTEC’s Importance as a Regional Forum

(A) Revitalization and Engagement:

  • BIMSTEC got little attention until India reactivated its participation in October 2016, following the Uri terrorist assault.
  • Along with the BRICS conference in Goa, India sponsored an outreach summit with BIMSTEC leaders.

(B) Regional aspirations

  • Each BIMSTEC member has strategic incentives for the organization’s growth.
  • Bangladesh seeks regional significance
  • Sri Lanka aspires to connect with Southeast Asia and become an Indo-Pacific centre.
  • Nepal and Bhutan intend to gain access to the Bay of Bengal region.
  • By expanding connections with India, Myanmar and Thailand hope to balance China’s influence in Southeast Asia.

BIMSTEC and India

  • BIMSTEC provides a venue for India to prioritise its foreign policy objectives of “Neighbourhood First” and “Act East.”
  • This lengthier route aims to link South and Southeast Asia, as well as the Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal.

The Role of China and India’s Agenda

  • Chinese Concerns and Influence: The Belt and Road Initiative, which has strengthened China’s presence in South and Southeast Asia, has increased its interest in the Bay of Bengal region.
  • Counterbalancing Act: BIMSTEC serves as a venue for India to offset Chinese investments.
  • Promoting Connectivity: India can use BIMSTEC to promote connectivity projects that adhere to international standards, while opposing Chinese initiatives that are deemed to breach these standards.
  • The Bay of Bengal as a Peaceful place: India can portray the Bay of Bengal as a place of openness and peace, contrasting it with China’s behaviour in the South China Sea.
  • Regional Stability: BIMSTEC might develop standards of conduct for regional freedom of navigation and advocate for a Bay of Bengal Zone of Peace to limit the military actions of extra-regional countries.

@the end

  • BIMSTEC has the potential to contribute to the Bay of Bengal region’s and beyond’s peace, stability, and economic development.
  • Continued efforts and coordination among member states are required to realise BIMSTEC’s full potential and achieve common goals.
Source: https://news.abplive.com/news/world/eam-s-jaishankar-participates-in-bimstec-meeting-with-counterparts-in-bangkok-1616523
Categories
Science & Tech

Rho Ophiuchi Cloud Complex

  • NASA has released a James Webb Space Telescope photograph of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, which is the closest star-forming zone to Earth.
  • This image commemorated one year after NASA released the first scientific results from the telescope.

What is Rho Ophiuchi Cloud Complex?

  • The Rho Ophiuchi Cloud Complex is a molecular cloud in the Ophiuchus constellation.
  • It is centred 1° south of the star Ophiuchi and stretches throughout the constellation.
  • It is one of the nearest star-forming areas to the Solar System, at a distance of around 140 parsecs, or 460 light years.
  • It is made up of many black nebulae, which are dense areas of interstellar dust and gas that block out background brightness.
  • Numerous immature stellar objects, including as protostars, young stars, and brown dwarfs, can be found in the cloud complex.
  • These celestial objects form when the cloud’s dense material collapses under gravity, resulting in the formation of new stars.

Observations Based on the Image

  • Material Jets and Surrounding Gas/Dust: This graphic depicts how material jets emitted by young stars affect the surrounding gas and dust while lighting molecular hydrogen.
  • Stellar Winds Carve a brilliant Cave: One section of the image depicts a star inside a brilliant cave carved out in space by stellar winds.
  • The image shows an outstanding nebula with three bright young stars at the top, demonstrating the extent and detail of the jets and outflows.

Insights from the new findings

  • Formation of New Suns: The Rho Ophiuchi image depicts the formation of new suns and planet-forming discs, which scientists say resembled the early solar system about 4.5 billion years ago.
  • Violent Outbursts and Dusty Cocoons: The graphic depicts the process of stars and planetary systems forming, as well as dusty cocoons being shattered by violent outbursts, which are shown as red jets cutting through the cloud.
  • Visibility through Dust: The Rho Ophiuchi core is frequently shrouded by a thick layer of dust, rendering it opaque to observatories that use visible light, such as the Hubble Space Telescope. JSWT, on the other hand, penetrates the dust, revealing the nascent stars within and shedding light on the early stages of star formation.
Source: https://scitechdaily.com/star-spangled-spectacle-james-webb-telescopes-stunning-year-of-cosmic-revelations/#:~:text=The%20subject%20is%20the%20Rho,from%20Webb's%20chaotic%20close%2Dup.
Categories
Governance Polity

Kuki groups demand independence from Manipur

The apex organisation of Kuki tribes, Kuki Inpi Manipur (KIM), issued a statement demanding for a separate state under Article 3 of the Constitution.

A summary of the violence in Manipur

  • The ethnic violence in Manipur began on May 3 between the Meitei (valley-based Scheduled Tribe groups) and the Kuki-Zomi (hills-based Scheduled Tribe groups).
  • The violence led the two communities to migrate, forcing Kuki-Zomi MLAs and other groups to push for separation.

What is Article 3 of the Indian Constitution?

  • Article 3 empowers the Indian Parliament to create new states, change boundaries, and rename existing states.
  • It establishes the legal framework for the reorganisation of the country’s states.
  • The following is the text of Article 3: By legislation, Parliament may—
  • Form a new state by separating territory from another state, joining two or more states or sections of states, or joining any territory to a portion of another state.
  • Any State’s area should be expanded.
  • Reduce the size of any State.
  • Change the borders of any State
  • Any State’s name can be changed.

Procedure Prerequisites

  • Before adopting amendments under Article 3, certain procedural conditions must be met:
  • Recommendation from the President: No Bill related to these issues may be tabled in Parliament without the President’s approval.
  • Consultation with the State Legislature: If a proposed bill affects the area, boundaries, or name of any state, the President must submit it to the appropriate state legislature.
  • Time limit: The state legislature is given a set amount of time to comment on the proposed amendments. If further time is required, the President may provide it.

Significance of Article 3

  • Article 3 establishes a system for altering the political borders of Indian states in response to the nation’s changing demands.
  • While the Parliament has the ability to undertake state reorganisation, engagement with state legislatures assures a democratic process and takes into account the views of the affected state.
  • Regional Aspirations: Article 3 recognises regional aspirations by authorising the formation of new states, fostering regional development and administration.
  • Flexibility: The ability to adjust state borders allows the government to manage population changes, regional imbalances, and administrative efficiency.

Why is Kukis’ demand impractical?

  • Social and Political Cohesion: The prospect of approving distinct administrative setups or a larger Mizoram along ethnic lines raises concerns about Manipur’s social and political cohesion.
  • Tensions with the Naga Community: Tensions in Manipur between the Kuki and Naga communities complicate matters and have the potential to exacerbate hostilities.
  • Due to its unique cross-border presence and potential for Pan-Nationalism, the demand for a distinct homeland for the Chin-Kuki-Mizo people demands serious consideration.
  • Regional Stability Implications: Recognising a distinct nation would strain relations with Myanmar and Bangladesh, threatening regional stability.
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/uk-signs-biggest-trade-deal-brexit-8842214/
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