- Genome sequencing methods were critical in identifying the agent responsible for the COVID epidemic.
- This method, known as metagenomics, has transformed pathogen detection and surveillance, allowing for rapid reaction to new threats.
Metagenomics and COVID-19
- Unprecedented Scale: Scientists used genome sequencing to quickly identify SARS-CoV-2, making it one of the most sequenced creatures in history.
- Rather than using typical microbiological methods, patient samples were directly exposed to genome sequencing, which accelerated virus detection.
- Global Genome Surveillance: The success of genome sequencing has resulted in the development of technologies such as the CovidSeq assay, as well as national and worldwide SARS-CoV-2 genome surveillance projects.
Pathogen Surveillance Application
- Genome Surveillance methods: Several genome sequencing-based methods, like as the CovidSeq assay, have been developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
- GISAID Repository: In response to high-throughput genome surveillance efforts, GISAID established a repository for global genome-sequence data.
- India’s Initiatives: To support national-level initiatives, India launched a national genome-sequencing and surveillance programme for SARS-CoV-2.
Nigerian Investigation and Metagenomic Sequencing
- Metagenomics: Nigerian scientists used metagenomic sequencing to evaluate pathogen surveillance in three patient cohorts.
- The study discovered 13 different viruses among the cohorts, which facilitated in the detection of co-infections and undiagnosed diseases.
- Diagnostic Potential: In certain cases, metagenomics was able to link symptoms to pesticide poisoning, demonstrating its diagnostic potential.
- Diverse Applications and Future Prospects: Genome sequencing technologies are being used to detect additional infections such as Zika, dengue fever, lumpy skin disease, and drug-resistant tuberculosis.
- Environmental Surveillance: Genome surveillance is being expanded to include a variety of sources, including wastewater, air, soil, and animals, to aid in early detection and response tactics.
- Disease Defence: Genome sequencing is a cornerstone for future disease detection, surveillance, and response due to its speed, precision, and adaptability.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/metagenome-sequencing-transforming-pathogen-surveillance/article67187555.ece#:~:text=This%20new%20approach%20%E2%80%93%20called%20metagenomics,sequenced%20organisms%20in%20global%20history.