Categories
Art & Culture

Eradicating the Menopause taboo

The National Health Services (NHS) in the UK has announced that menopausal women on their staff will be able to work from home if their symptoms necessitate it, which is about finding a middle ground at work.

In order to help middle-aged women “thrive” at work, NHS CEO Amanda Pritchard urged that other businesses should follow suit and those who are “silently suffering” should not be expected to “grin and bear it.”

Background

  • The situation that is starting the discussion: If nothing more, this action has at least sparked discussion on a topic that has hitherto been taboo in the workplace and used as an excuse to keep women from succeeding.
  • Erroneous belief that women may not be as productive workers: The end of a woman’s reproductive cycle, however, is perceived as her losing strength, drive, desire, endurance, enthusiasm, and capability, or, to put it another way, a cliff-jumping loss of her value in knowledge and experience, much like the end of pregnancy.
  • However, concerns regarding her comfort were never raised but rather on her value: A woman employee who surpasses the age threshold must once again establish her value. Is she as competent, is she able to think creatively, and can she work long hours? Never ask yourself, “Is she comfortable?” Sadly, her body of work is insignificant.
  • Women are forced to put themselves last because of constant pressure to prove their worth: And despite their painful episodes of endometriosis, heavy periods, hot flashes, insomnia, fatigue, anxiety, hypertension, and palpitations, even self-assured women are compelled to overwork themselves in order to maintain their relevance by this constant pressure to live up to expectations. All of these are quite crippling, but with a little breathing room, they are all doable.

Menopause

A woman enters menopause 12 months after her last menstruation.

Although the term “menopause” is often used to describe the menopausal transition, genuine menopause doesn’t occur until a year after a woman has had her last menstruation.

Menopausal transition

  • Menopausal transition or perimenopause refers to the years preceding that time when women may experience changes in their monthly cycles, hot flashes, or other symptoms.
  • Most frequently, the menopausal transition starts between ages 45 and 55.
  • It typically lasts seven years, although it can last up to fourteen years.
  • The length of time can vary depending on lifestyle factors including smoking, the age at which it starts, and race and ethnicity.
  • The body’s production of the ovaries’ two hormones, progesterone and oestrogen, varies significantly throughout perimenopause.
  • Numerous body parts of a woman require oestrogen. One may experience a variety of symptoms as oestrogen levels drop. Mild symptoms are common in women and can be managed with a change in lifestyle. Some ladies don’t even need to be treated.

Signs and symptoms of menopause

  • Your cycle may have changed, and women’s periods may no longer be regular. They could last less time or more time. There could be more or less bleeding than normal.
  • Hot flashes are common in women and can last for several years after menopause. They might be connected with fluctuating oestrogen levels. A hot flash is an abrupt sensation of heat in the upper torso or throughout.
  • Disturbed Sleep: Some women had difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep around midlife.
  • Sexuality and vaginal health: Following menopause, the vagina may become drier, which may make engaging in sexual activity uncomfortable. Women could notice that their attitudes on sex are evolving.
  • Mood changes: Women going through menopause may become moodier or angrier. Scientists are baffled as to why this occurs. These mood swings may be brought on by stress, family changes like ageing parents or expanding children, a history of depression, or simply being exhausted.
  • The body may modify the way it uses energy, fat cells may shift, and women may find it easier to put on weight. Women may have stiffness and pain in their muscles and joints, as well as memory issues.

Effects of menopause on women health?

  • Serious and unanticipated physiological obstacles: As levels of the hormone oestrogen fall, their chance of developing heart disease is increased more than that of males. Even the total cholesterol levels are higher in women than in men.
  • Strangely, even menopausal women do not seem to be concerned about their life risks because they fall victim to vanity and focus more on problems with their body image, sexuality, and self-esteem. Some people quickly turn to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), which is not quite an anti-aging panacea and frequently causes fatal adverse effects like breast and uterine cancer. However, if women were to be less anxious about exhausting their bodies to make a point, these raised risk factors may be decreased.

Conversation over menopause

  • In India, though, menopause is a far cry, frequently pent up in whispered chats among women in the office restroom. In India, parenting is considered as a huge career barrier for women.
  • UK Parliament took a forward move by commissioning a study that revealed one in three women missed work because of menopause.
  • Italy and Australia are in discussion of including menopause into ethical standards for the workplace.
  • EU Parliament: The EU Parliament recently released a statement in which it stated that the failure to address menopause as a workplace issue is increasingly resulting in inadequate protection for female workers and the early exit of women from the labour markets, increasing the risk of women’s economic dependence, poverty, and social exclusion, as well as contributing to the loss of women’s knowledge, skills, and experience, as well as leading to significant economic losses.

@the-end

Consideration for women’s concerns would be more important than a discussion about whether they should be granted additional benefits given that they will experience this biological phase for at least eight years during their working lives.

Categories
Art & Culture Science & Tech

India’s first private sector rocket—Vikram-S

The launch of Vikram-S, India’s first privately developed rocket, is scheduled for November 12–16.

VIKRAM-S

  • India’s first privately developed rocket, the Vikram-S, is about to launch as a component of the Prarambh space mission.
  • In addition to carrying three customer payloads, it is a single-stage sub-orbital launch vehicle that will help test and validate most of the technology used in the Vikram series of space launch vehicles.
  • Skyroot Aerospace, based in Hyderabad, created it.
  • Three payloads, including a 2.5-kilogram payload created by students from several nations, will be sent into orbit as part of the Prarambh mission.
  • In honour of Vikram Sarabhai, the pioneer of the Indian space programme and a prominent scientist, Skyroot’s launch vehicles bear the name ‘Vikram’.

Mission’s Importance

  • Skyroot will send a rocket into space with this mission, making it the first commercial space firm in India.
  • For the space industry, which was opened up in 2020 to encourage private sector participation, it represents the beginning of a new era.
  • The ISRO and IN-SPACe provided substantial support for the Prarambh mission (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre).

coming2basics; IN-SPACE

  • In June 2020, IN-launch SPACe’s was announced.
  • It is an independent, single-window nodal body within the Department of Space responsible for promoting, encouraging, and regulating both public and private sector space operations.
  • Additionally, it makes it easier for private organisations to use ISRO facilities.
  • Along with safety, academic, legal, and strategic specialists from other departments, it includes technical experts for space activities.
  • Members of the PMO and MEA of the Indian government are also included.

Roles and Responsibilities

  • According to the definition of space activities, these activities include creating satellites and launch vehicles as well as offering space-based services.
  • sharing of space infrastructure and locations under ISRO control while taking current activities into account
  • construction of temporary buildings within ISRO-controlled areas based on safety standards and feasibility analysis.

Difference between Vikram-S and ANTRIX

  • Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL), a government-owned company with headquarters in Bengaluru, is fully supervised by the Department of Space.
  • It serves as the marketing division of ISRO and is responsible for the commercialization of space products, technical consulting services, and the transfer of ISRO-developed technologies.
  • Antrix works to provide Space goods and services to clients internationally and globally.

New Space India Limited (NSIL)

  • The Department of Space has administrative responsibility over Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL), a fully owned government of India company in Bengaluru.
  • It serves as the marketing division of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) for the promotion and commercial exploitation of space products, technical consulting services, and technology transfer.
  • International clients all over the world can purchase space-related goods and services from Antrix.
Categories
Art & Culture Science & Tech

Collab of Social Media Regulation with Free Speech

Facebook, one of the major social media platforms, has established the Oversight Board, an impartial organisation that examines its “content moderation” procedures.

The IT rules of 2021

  • Regulating social media intermediaries (SMIs): Governments from all around the world are debating how to regulate social media intermediaries (SMIs).
  • Addressing the concerns about SMI limiting free speech: It is critical for governments to update their regulatory framework in order to deal with new challenges given the complexity of the issue, the significance of SMIs in influencing public discourse, the impact of their governance on the freedom of speech and expression, the volume of information they host, and the ongoing technological advancements that affect it.
  • In order to address these difficulties, India revised its ten-year-old regulations on SMIs in 2021 with the IT Rules, 2021, which were largely designed to impose requirements on SMIs in order to guarantee an open, safe, and reliable internet.

Recent amendments?

  • The stated goals of the proposed revisions, which were released as a draught in June 2022, were triangular.
  • safeguarding constitutional rights: It was necessary to ensure that major IT companies did not violate the rights and interests of internet users under the Constitution.
  • Grievance resolution To make the Rules’ framework for resolving complaints stronger,
  • In order to avoid dominance: Early-stage Indian start-ups shouldn’t be impacted by compliance with these.
  • This resulted in a series of changes that may be broadly divided into two groups.
  • SMI has additional obligations: The first category includes adding more requirements to the SMIs to assure stronger user interest protection.
  • Appeal procedure: The establishment of an appellate procedure for grievance redressal fell under the second category.

Social media a double-edged sword

  • Platforms that handle social media often moderate user content on their websites. Users that break the terms and conditions of their platforms have their accounts removed, given higher priority, or suspended.
  • Government has too much power: The government’s current restrictions on internet speech are untenable in today’s online environment. There are currently millions of users of social media. Platforms have democratized public participation, and shape public discourse.
  • Hate speech on the internet: As the Internet’s usage grows, so too do its potential drawbacks. Online today, there is more hazardous and unlawful content.
  • Disinformation campaigns: Recent examples include hate speech against the Rohingya in Myanmar and on social media during COVID19.

Compromise between regulation and free speech

  • Governmental directives must be followed: In addition to being necessary and appropriate, government orders to remove content must also adhere to due process.
  • The most recent Digital Services Act (DSA) of the European Union (EU) serves as a suitable example. In the EU, intermediary liability is governed by the DSA. Government takedown orders must be reasonable and in proportion.
  • Platforms should have the option to fight the government’s order: The DSA allows intermediaries the chance to defend themselves and contest the government’s decision to censor information. These procedures will firmly protect online users’ right to free speech. The most significant thing is that an intermediary law must devolve important platform-level content filtering decisions.
  • A co-regulation concept: Platforms must be responsible for controlling content in accordance with general government regulations. Implementing such a coregulatory framework will accomplish three goals.
  • The terms of services will continue to be reasonably controlled by platforms: Coregulation will enable them the freedom to establish the changing criteria for harmful content, doing away with the necessity for stringent government regulations. Because private censorship is encouraged by government control, this will advance free expression online. The consequence of private censorship is to suppress user discourse.
  • Platforms are subject to the rule of law: As content censors, platforms have a significant amount of power over users’ freedom of speech. Platforms must adhere to due process and make proportionate judgements whenever they remove content or address user complaints. In order to properly resolve customer complaints, they must include procedures including notice, hearings, and reasoned orders.
  • Algorithmic transparency: Algorithmic openness can boost platform responsibility.

@the-end

The GACs need to be reviewed because they give the government more control over censorship. The statute that would replace the IT Act is anticipated to be a Digital India Act. This is the ideal time for the government to implement a coregulatory strategy for controlling online speech.

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