Israel is concentrating its efforts in the West Bank

Israel carried out a military operation in the occupied West Bank, similar to previous large-scale operations.
This strike has resulted in Palestinian casualties.

The West Bank is a landlocked territory in Western Asia that makes up the majority of the Palestinian territories.
Jordan, the Dead Sea, Israel (south, west, and north), and the Mediterranean coast form its geographical borders.
Anti-Semitism as State Policy: Several theocratic countries, notably the Arab world, the self-proclaimed caliphate ‘Turkiye,’ and even Pakistan, have publicly expressed anti-Jewish sentiment.
Denial of Access: As a world micro-minority, Jews have been denied access to their country.

Historical Background: The land at issue was ruled by the Ottoman Empire and then by the British Empire.
Palestinian Aspirations: Palestinians, Arabs from the region, want to establish a state called Palestine in the region.
Land and Control Conflict: A dispute between Israelis and Palestinians about territorial ownership and governance.
Jews escaping persecution in Europe hoped to build a Jewish state on what they thought to be their ancestral homeland.
Arab Resistance: Arabs resisted, claiming the region known as Palestine at the time as their own.
The Balfour Declaration, issued in 1917, proclaimed the United Kingdom’s support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Arab opposition to the proclamation resulted in rioting and increased tensions.

Thousands of Jews immigrated to Palestine throughout the 1920s and 1930s, according to migration statistics.
Arab Opposition: Palestinian Arabs urged that the UK stop Jewish emigration, which resulted in violent occurrences.
The League of Nations issued the British Mandate for Palestine in 1923, tasked the UK with creating a Jewish sovereign homeland.
Partition Proposal: The United Kingdom proposed partitioning Palestine into Jewish and Arab republics in 1936.

The subject of Palestine was presented to the UN in 1947, resulting in a partition plan.
Proposals for Peace: The United Nations proposed two independent nations with economic cooperation or a single bi-national state with autonomous Jewish and Palestinian districts.
Arab Invasion and Israeli Independence: When Israel declared independence in 1948, Arab countries immediately invaded.
Changes in area: Under the UN decision, Israel gained some of the area designated for Palestinian Arabs, notably the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

Two-State Solution Concept: The two-state solution seeks to build coexisting Israeli and Palestinian states in the region.
The Solution’s Difficulty: The two-state solution has not been realised over the decades.
The establishment of separate states for Israelis and Palestinians addresses the underlying source of the conflict.

(1) Borders:

Drawing the Lines: There is no agreement on how to determine the borders.
Some say that the borders before the 1967 Israeli-Arab war should be used.
Settlements in the West Bank: The presence of Israeli settlements in the West Bank complicates the border question.

(2) Question of Jerusalem:

Both Israel and the Palestinians claim Jerusalem as their capital.
The overlapping of sacred sites makes it difficult to divide Jerusalem into Israeli and Palestinian areas.

(3) Refugee Issue:

Palestinian Refugees: During the 1948 war, a large number of Palestinians became refugees.
Right of Return: Around 5 million Palestinians and their descendants demand the right to return, which Israel denies.

(4) Security Concerns:

Hamas Harassment: Israel faces security concerns from Hamas, the terrorist organisation that controls the Gaza Strip.
Palestinian Attacks: Palestinians are also concerned about their safety as they fight to stop foreign military occupation.

Fulfilling Aspirations: The two-state solution gives Jews and Arabs their own states.
Alternative Limitations: Other options, such as a single state, might result in Jews becoming a minority or an unhappy Arab majority.

Aspirations in Balance: Advocates argue against subordinating one group’s goals to the those of another.
A single state would reduce Jews to a minority, thereby jeopardising their objectives.

India feels that a negotiated two-state solution is necessary for long-term peace between Israel and Palestine.
Establishment of a Palestinian State: India supports the creation of a sovereign, independent, and sustainable Palestinian state within internationally recognised borders.

Understanding the Israel-Palestine issue and the significance of a two-state solution is critical for establishing regional peace.
A negotiated settlement can result in a sovereign and independent Palestine living alongside Israel by addressing the problems and taking into account the aspirations of both Israelis and Palestinians.

Source: https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15293.doc.htm