- The Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion Module (PM) successfully returned to Earth’s orbit, marking an important step forward in lunar exploration.
- This manoeuvre was not originally planned, but it took use of the mission’s logistical advantages, including additional fuel.
The Functions and Role of the Propulsion Module
- The following distinguishes Chandrayaan-2: In contrast to Chandrayaan-2, which contained a full-fledged orbiter, Chandrayaan-3 carried a lighter PM designed simply for lunar transit.
- Communication: The project used the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter to communicate with Earth.
- The PM carried the Spectro Polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) instrument, which was designed to examine Earth in order to locate habitable exoplanets.
- Separation and operation: On August 17, the PM detached from the lander and was initially anticipated to circle the Moon for six months while SHAPE was functioning.
Taking Advantage of the Situation
- Mission Life Extension: The exact orbit injection and effective manoeuvres saved about 100 kg of fuel, increasing the PM’s operating life.
- Mission Plan Modification: The fuel excess enabled ISRO to show capabilities for future moon sample return missions.
Return to Earth Orbit
- Manoeuvres planning: ISRO developed an optimum Earth return route for October 2023.
- Execution: The PM performed a series of manoeuvres, including orbit elevation around the Moon and a Trans-Earth injection, before escaping the Moon’s area of influence.
- Current Status: The PM is presently in Earth orbit for approximately 13 days, working securely and without endangering other spacecraft.
The Mission’s Importance and Manoeuvre Execution:
- The mission gave insights on designing and executing trajectories for tiny spacecraft returning from the Moon to Earth.
- This expertise will help in the development of software components for future mission planning.
- Gravity-Assisted Flybys: The experiment lays the path for gravity-assisted flybys of astronomical bodies.
- conclusion-of-Life Management: It also aids with the prevention of uncontrolled collisions on the Moon’s surface at the conclusion of the PM’s life.
- SHAPE Payload: SHAPE is still operational, including a special operation on 28 October during a Solar Eclipse, and will continue to function as long as Earth is in its area of vision.
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/chandrayaan-isro-propulsion-module-earth-orbit-9056529/#:~:text=Scientists%20have%20brought%20the%20Propulsion,23%20%E2%80%94%20back%20into%20Earth%20orbit.